Medically reviewed by Kierra Brown, RDMedically reviewed by Kierra Brown, RD
Chia seeds come from the plant Salvia hispanica L. They are tiny edible seeds rich in plant protein, fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, and selenium.
The seeds are versatile and can be added to baked goods, breakfast cereals, nut and seed mixes, yogurt, fruit spreads, pudding, and beverages. Chia seeds are also available in the form of flour and oil. Chia seed oil is sometimes used in dietary supplements.
Chia seeds contain all nine essential amino acids, making them a complete protein and easy for the body to absorb. A 1-ounce (oz) serving of chia seeds also provides almost one-third of your daily fiber needs, which can help improve digestive and metabolic health. Plus, chia seeds contain alpha-linolenic acid, or ALA (an omega-3 fatty acid), which can improve heart health.
How To Prepare Chia Seeds
Chia seeds are hard and dry. In this form, they are more difficult for the body to digest. You can soak chia seeds in liquids such as water, milk, or juice to soften them and create a gel-like texture, making them easier to digest. Mix one cup of water with one tablespoon (tbsp) of chia seeds and let them soak for about 5-15 minutes to achieve a gel-like consistency.
Chia seeds are also available in the form of chia flour. Replacing some wheat flour with chia flour can enhance the nutritional profile of baked goods, including bread, muffins, and cookies. You can make chia flour at home by grinding dry chia seeds in a blender or food processor into a fine powder.
You can store chia seeds or chia flour in a jar away from direct sunlight or in the refrigerator. They have a long shelf life of about three years, even when stored at room temperature.
Can You Eat Dry Chia Seeds?
Eating dry chia seeds can cause choking in people with dysphagia, a condition characterized by difficulty swallowing. This is because chia seeds can take up to 15 times more water than their weight. When the seeds get stuck in the throat of people with difficulty swallowing, they pose a risk by expanding and thus closing the airway.
However, people without difficulty swallowing can typically eat small amounts of dry chia seeds without a problem. Dry chia seeds are often sprinkled in baked goods in small amounts to add crunch and nutrients.
Best Ways To Eat Chia Seeds
Chia seeds are a versatile and nutritious addition to your snacks and meals. You can create chia-based recipes and add them to smoothies, baked goods, granola, and more.
1. Chia Seed Water
Chia seed water is a gel-like beverage. Soak one tablespoon of chia seeds in water for 10 minutes or more, based on your preference. You can also flavor it with different herbs and fruits, such as mint and berries.
2. Chia Pudding
Mix one tablespoon of chia seeds with any milk in a mason jar and refrigerate overnight for a delicious breakfast the following day. You can add many ingredients as toppings, such as vanilla, cocoa, fruits, nuts, and spices like cardamom, cinnamon, and nutmeg.
You can also make a chocolate avocado-chia pudding by blending avocados, cocoa, yogurt, unsweetened almond milk, and dates, then adding chia seeds.
3. Smoothies
You can add a tablespoon of chia seeds to improve the texture and enhance the nutritional value of a smoothie. Smoothies are generally made of fruits, vegetables, and dairy or milk alternatives.
However, if you use milk alternatives, consider adding chia seeds for more protein and fat. Since smoothies include fruits high in natural sugars, increasing the protein and fat content of the overall smoothie helps prevent possible blood glucose spikes after drinking the beverage. Chia seeds can add protein and fat to the blend, decreasing the glycemic index of the mixture.
4. Baked Goods
If you don't like the texture of soaked chia seeds, you can add them to baked goods like bread, muffins, and cookies. For example, chia-fortified muffins can have 15% more protein, 62% of minerals, and 92% of fiber.
The texture and taste will differ based on how much chia flour was used compared to other flour, such as white flour. You can experiment with measurements based on your preferences.
5. Fruit Salads
Combine various chopped fruits of your choice and sprinkle chia seeds for added texture and nutrients. Fruit and chia seeds are both good sources of fiber, and chia seeds can add a small boost of protein and heart-healthy fats.
For example, mix blackberries, strawberries, pineapple, and kiwi in a small bowl and top them with a drizzle of honey, lime juice, and chia seeds.
6. Stir-Fries
A tablespoon of chia seeds can be added to savory dishes like stir-fries with noodles, vegetables, and a protein of your choice, such as chicken, shrimp, beef, or tofu.
The heat from cooking may alter the nutritional value of chia seeds to some degree. While roasting chia seeds can improve protein and mineral composition, it can decrease polyphenols and antioxidants, which are health-protective compounds.
7. Burger Patties
Instead of breadcrumbs, use a tablespoon or two of chia seeds as a low-carb binding agent in recipes for meatloaf and burger patties. Adding chia seeds will also increase the fiber content of your burger or meatloaf, which can improve the nutritional profile and help offset the negative health effects of saturated fat in those foods.
8. Dressings
Incorporating chia seeds into homemade or storebought sauces and dressings can improve the nutrition and create a unique condiment.
For a homemade salad dressing, add two parts olive oil and one part lemon juice or apple cider vinegar, chia seeds, salt and pepper, and any other herbs of your choice to a lidded jar. Shake the jar until combined, and enjoy—the chia seeds will add thickness and texture to your dressing.
9. Energy Balls
Energy balls are a convenient no-bake snack with a great nutritional profile. You can add chia seeds to your regular recipe, which typically contains oats, nuts, seeds, some sweetener (honey, maple syrup, molasses), nut butter, and other ingredients of your choice. Adding chia seeds can improve protein content and add omega-3 fatty acids to those bites.
10. Pancakes
Combine one or two tablespoons of chia seeds with flour, such as whole-wheat or oat flour, eggs, and milk. You might choose to use chia flour instead of chia seeds. Serve the pancakes with toppings like fruit and maple syrup.
Other Ways To Use Chia Seeds
You can use chia seeds as a main ingredient and to improve the taste, texture, and nutrient profile of foods in various ways:
- Thickening agent: Soaked chia seeds are an alternative to cornstarch for thickening soups and gravies.
- Egg substitute: One tablespoon of chia seeds soaked in 3 tablespoons of water is an effective egg substitute. This is a helpful alternative if you're allergic to eggs, so you can use it when making sweets or baked goods that often require eggs.
- Spreads: Chia seeds' gel-like texture makes them a valuable ingredient for jams and butter spreads. They also add protein and fiber to mostly high-sugar foods, such as jams. To make a berry chia spread, cook down the berries, blend and stir them, and then mix in the chia seeds. You will have a berry jam that lasts for five days without added sugar.
- Ice pops: Homemade ice pops are a fun way to use chia seeds. Mix chia seeds with fruit juice or milk of your choice and add chopped fruit. Pour into popsicle molds, freeze, and enjoy!
- Tea: You can add a small amount of chia seeds (less than a teaspoon) to your hot drink for some additional fiber.
- Dips and yogurt: Chia seeds can be mixed into dips and yogurt to create a crunchy condiment for pita bread, crackers, tortillas, and other dipping foods.
- Gluten-free recipes: Since chia seeds are gluten-free, they can be used in recipes for people with celiac disease and other gluten-related conditions. Be sure the chia product packaging states the product is gluten-free. If you're making it at home, ensure there is no cross-contamination with other gluten-containing foods and contaminated tools.
- Chia seed oil: You can mix chia seed oil with other fats and oils (up to 10%). You can also consume chia seed oil in supplements or take up to 2 grams of pure chia oil daily. More research is needed to understand the potential benefits of chia seed oil in the diet.
- Chia-fortified butter: You can enhance the nutritional value of butter by mixing it with chia seed oil.
How Much Chia Should You Eat?
Seeds and nuts are part of a healthy and balanced diet. They provide unsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, fiber, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidant compounds. You can start with one tablespoon (about 15 grams) of chia seeds, but it's best not to exceed 3 tablespoons daily, as there's not much research on the effects of consuming more than 50 grams daily.
Consuming too many chia seeds may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort. Dry chia seeds can also pose a choking hazard, so it is recommended to soak them first. Although rare, allergies to chia seeds may result in anaphylaxis (a severe and fatal allergic reaction).
A Quick Review
Chia seeds contain essential amino acids, healthy fats, fiber, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. They can be easily incorporated into the diet through various recipes and can improve the nutritional profile of meals.
Some studies show the beneficial effects of chia seeds on gut, heart, and metabolic health; however, more evidence is needed to determine effective and safe doses for those benefits.
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